There’s a distinction between waterproof and water-repellent. Waterproof apparel is designed to keep water out entirely. Water-resistant apparel repels water to a certain degree, but may not be entirely waterproof.
As the seasons change, construction workers often face tough weather conditions and rely on specialized gear to stay dry without compromising their safety, comfort, health, or efficiency.
When outdoor jobs expose workers to rain or snow, wearing water-resistant or waterproof clothing becomes crucial.
It’s important to understand the difference: waterproof gear completely blocks out water, whereas water-resistant clothing can resist moisture to a degree but might eventually let water seep through.
Many waterproof fabrics also serve as a barrier against wind. These garments can be made from synthetic fibers like polyester and nylon or natural materials such as waxed cotton and rubber.
Common waterproof materials include polyester, nylon, and rubber. GORE-TEX, a popular choice, features a breathable membrane that allows perspiration to escape while blocking water from entering.
As highlighted in a recent IRONPROS article, selecting waterproof workwear involves considering not just water resistance but also breathability and a level of insulation appropriate for moderate to mild temperatures.
The water resistance of fabrics is typically evaluated through a hydrostatic head test, measured in millimeters (mm):
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0–5,000 mm: Minimal to slight moisture resistance, suited for light rain and dry snow.
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6,000–10,000 mm: Adequate waterproofing for light rain and moderate snow under low pressure.
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11,000–15,000 mm: Strong waterproofing, effective except under heavy pressure during steady rain and snow.
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16,000–20,000 mm: Withstands heavy rain and wet snow under significant pressure.
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Above 20,000 mm: Exceptional waterproofing, effective against intense rain and very wet snow even under high pressure.
Manufacturers often rate garments with two numbers separated by a slash—the first indicating waterproofing and the second breathability, where higher values mean greater breathability.
Comprehensive waterproof construction attire — including rain jackets with hoods, waterproof pants, full-body rain suits, gloves, and socks — helps workers stay dry longer during storms or snowy conditions. It’s also important to ensure hard hats are built to endure wet and windy environments.
When choosing outerwear, prioritize waterproof jackets and vests that are also high-visibility for enhanced safety on the job site.
Some waterproof workwear even offers added protection from electrical hazards and flame exposure, making it crucial to match clothing features to the specific risks of the job.
Gloves crafted from waterproof and insulated materials like neoprene or GORE-TEX help maintain hand warmth and ensure a reliable grip on tools, which is vital in wet conditions.
Aside from jackets, waterproof hoodies present a more flexible option than traditional rain gear, offering easier movement while keeping the wearer dry.
Footwear matters too: rain boots or rubber work boots with waterproof construction keep feet dry and minimize the risk of slipping. Features to look for include steel or composite toe protection, slip-resistant soles, electrical hazard resistance, and puncture-proof design.
Deep-tread soles, anti-skid technologies, and durable rubber help prevent slips and falls on slick surfaces.
Choosing the right socks is just as important. Dr. Elizabeth Scheiber from Cleveland Clinic Weston recommends steering clear of 100% cotton socks, which retain moisture and can cause fungal infections. Instead, she advises wearing socks made of antimicrobial merino wool, bamboo, or synthetic blends like polyester or nylon.
If workwear isn’t inherently waterproof, applying a waterproofing spray can enhance its resistance. However, if garments already have a Durable Water Repellent (DWR) treatment, further waterproofing might not be needed.
Available waterproofing products include wax treatments, sprays, and wash-in formulas. Keep in mind that some sprays can reduce fabric breathability; the best options allow garments to remain breathable while still shedding water.
Over time, waterproof coatings can degrade and may need reapplication to maintain their effectiveness.
Finally, whenever there’s uncertainty about the right type of apparel for site work, it’s wise to check with the site’s safety officer. This ensures compliance with standards set by organizations such as the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and National Fire Protection Association (NFPA).
